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Water and sedimentary transport
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/water-and-sedimentary-processes/Water plays a vital role in most sedimentary processes. Pure water itself has little effect on rocks. It is the dissolved gases in water, particularly carbon dioxide, that cause the chemical decay of minerals and mineral dissolution.
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Metamorphism
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/metamorphism/The word metamorphism comes from Greek and means 'change of form'. Metamorphic rocks are pre-existing rocks whose mineral composition and/or texture has been changed by processes within the Earth.
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The Sydney Basin
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/the-sydney-basin/The Sydney Basin is a major structural basin containing a thick Permian-Triassic (290 Ma - 200 Ma (million years old)) sedimentary sequence that is part of the much larger Sydney-Gunnedah-Bowen Basin.
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Metamorphic rocks
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/metamorphic-rocks/Metamorphic rocks form because of changes in temperature and depth of burial within the Earth in a solid state without actual melting.
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The Molong Meteorite – a visitor from outer space.
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/news/blog/the-molong-meteorite-a-visitor-from-outer-space/A story about a meteorite from the central west of NSW that has been part of the Australian Museum collection for 83 years.
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Oliver Chalmers – Curator of Minerals
https://australianmuseum.net.au/about/history/people/oliver-chalmers-curator-of-minerals/The promising lad who became a highly regarded geologist.
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Crystallography
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/what-are-minerals/crystallography/Minerals can be identified by the shape of their crystals: called crystallography. External crystallography measures the outside properties of crystals such as length of crystal surfaces and the angles between these surfaces.
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Plate Tectonics
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/plate-tectonic-processes/Since the 1950s, several discoveries have led to a new understanding of how the Earth works.
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Meteors and Meteorites
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/meteors-and-meteorites/Solid pieces of extraterrestrial debris (meteoroids) can stray from their orbits in outer space and be captured by Earth's gravity.
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Looking inside the Earth
https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/minerals/shaping-earth/looking-inside-the-earth/The internal structure of the Earth consists of three main parts, the crust, mantle and core. The division between the crust and the mantle is called the Moho.