Animal Species:White-tailed Spider
White-tailed Spider bites have been controversially implicated in causing severe skin ulceration in humans.
Identification
White-tailed Spiders have a dark reddish to grey, cigar-shaped body and dark orange-brown banded legs. The grey dorsal abdomen bears two pairs of faint white spots (less distinct in adults) with a white spot at the tip; the male has a hard, narrow plate or scute on the front of the abdomen. The two common species in southern Australia, Lampona cylindrata and L. murina, are similar in appearance and have overlapping distributions in the south-east. Their bites have been controversially implicated in causing severe skin ulceration in humans.
Size range
Males 12 mm, Females 18 mm
Distribution
Lampona cylindrata is found across southern Australia (south east Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia). Lampona murina is present in eastern Australia from north-east Queensland to Victoria (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria,).
Habitat
White-tailed Spiders are vagrant hunters that live beneath bark and rocks, in leaf litter, logs and detritus in bush, gardens and houses.
Feeding and Diet
They are most active at night when they wander about hunting for other spiders, their preferred food. They have been recorded eating curtain-web spiders (Dipluridae), daddy-long-legs spiders (Pholcidae), Redback Spiders (Theridiidae) and black house spiders (Desidae) During summer and autumn White-tailed Spiders are often seen in and around houses where they find both sheltered nooks and crannies and plenty of their favoured black house spider prey.
Life cycle
Tufts of specialised scopulate hairs on the ends of their legs allow them to walk easily on smooth or sloping surfaces. They make temporary silk retreats and spin disc-shaped egg sacs, each containing up to 90 eggs.
Management
White-tailed Spiders around your house can be controlled by catching and removing any that you see and by clearing away the webs of the house spiders upon which they feed.
Danger to humans and first aid
White-tailed Spider bites can cause initial burning pain followed by swelling and itchiness at the bitten area. Occasionally, weals, blistering or local ulceration have been reported - conditions known medically as necrotising arachnidism. As well as the spider's venom, minor bacterial infection of the wound may be a contributory factor in such cases.
A debate continues about the involvement of White-tailed Spider bite in cases of severe ulcerative skin lesions seen in patients diagnosed as probable spider bite victims. Typically, in such cases no direct evidence of spider bite is available. Sensational media reporting of supposed cases of severe "necrotising arachnidism" has given the White-tailed Spider a bad reputation. However, a recent study has monitored the medical outcomes of over 100 verified White-tailed Spider bites and found not a single case of ulceration (confirming the results of an earlier study). The available evidence suggests that skin ulceration is not a common outcome of White-tailed Spider bite.
Classification
- Genus:
- Lampona
- Family:
- Lamponidae
- Suborder:
- Araneomorphae
- Order:
- Araneae
- Class:
- Arachnida
- Phylum:
- Arthropoda
- Kingdom:
- Animalia
References
- Isbister, G.K. & Gray, M.R. 2003. White-tail Spider bite: a prospective study of 130 definite bites by Lampona species. Medical Journal of Australia 179: 199-202.
- Isbister, G. & Gray, M. 2000. Acute and recurrent skin ulceration after spider bite Medical Journal of Australia 172: 303-304
- Platnick, N.I. (2000). A relimitation and revision of the Australasian ground spider family Lamponidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 245: 330 pp.
- Sutherland, S. & Sutherland, J. 1999. Venomous Creatures of Australia. Oxford University Press, South Melbourne Vic.
- White, J. 1998. Response to Chan, S.W. 1998. Recurrent necrotising arachnidism. Medical Journal of Australia 169: 642-643
Dr Mike Gray
Last Updated:
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43 comments
Hello to Robert, Robyn, and Kathy,
Robyn - if your baby is bitten or stung by ANYHING you should seek medcal attention as it is always better to be safe and you can never tell how children will react to stings and bites which are considered harmless to adults.
Robert - I'd suggest you tell your doctors to read the new research on White-tailed Spiders. It would be a very brave doctor also who would tell you you've been bitten by a White-tailed Spider when even you never saw what bit you!
Lastly Kathy - yes the warmer months are when most spiders breed but the number of eggs they lay and how quickly they would grow depends on the temperature and the size of the spider who laid the eggs and also how much food she is getting. I'm also curious as to how you could identify the baby spiders as White-tails?
Martyn Robinson
Hello Blake
I'm afraid I would not recommend that you or anyone else experimments with treatments. The medical professionals generally know what they are doing but if you are unsure you can always go to another doctor.
Martyn Robinson
Hello Catherine,
This is a good idea to keep the spider that bit you as, if the bacteria source is from the spider rather than from your skin, then the doctors may be able to identify what it is - and from that what the best treatment may be. The bactieria may even be just something that occurs, or is more common in your local area for some reason.
Martyn Robinson
Hello Emma,
White-tailed Spiders are not social so you have little to worry about. If you do not want to have White-tailed spiders around your house you can remove the webs of any other spiders from around the windowsills and similar places. That will remove the food source which may attract them as they only feed on other spiders.
Martyn Robinson
Yes Clint,
There is also the possibility of different amounts of venom being injected by different spiders as well as the presence or absence of bacteria on the skin of the person bitten or the jaws of the spider at the time.
There's the possibility that different people may suffer different reactions to various bites, stings, and even foods, as well. To most of us we only get pain and some mild swelling from a bee sting - but for some people it can be life threatening. If you ever get bitten or stung by something and feel very ill afterwards please seek medical aid as soon as possible.
Martyn Robinson
Hello Mort,
In both cases I would seek medical assistance and confirmation that what you and your friend have is actually a spider bite and the results are from spider venom. They both sound more like a bacterial infection to me and a doctor is needed in either case.
As a follow-up from one of the earlier suggestions about if you have to suck up the spider into a vacuum cleaner to add fly spray afterwards to kill it. I have been advised that this is not recommended and a better option would be to use a pyrethrum based insecticidal powder to suck into the vacuum cleaner after collecting the spider that way. Of course I would far recommend that you collect the spider unharmed in a jar and release it outside but I also know not everyone will do this, or be able to manage this.
S
M
Hello Mel,
If you have a fear of spiders and cannot sleep with them in your bedroom there are a number of options you could try. If the spider is exposed enough you can place a jar over it and then slip a small sheet of card between it and the wall to trap it inside the jar - then simply take it outside and release it. If you wait until the eggs hatch both the parent and the young soon disperse anyway - although this may not help your sleep in the meantime. Lastly - if there is no other way - then sucking up the spider and her egg-sac in a vacuum cleaner is effective and then the spider can be either released outside afterwards, OR some insect spray can be sprayed down into the still 'inhaling' nozzle' for a few seconds afterwards to dispose of the spider and her eggs.
I hope this allows you to sleep in peace.
Sincerely
Martyn
Hello Liz,
You have just demonstrated how these spiders got their unwarranted reputation. A possible infected White-tail Spider bite gets an ulcerated appearance. Therefore the next person who shows up with an ulcerated would is told they've been bitten by a White-tailed Spider based on nothing but the presence of an infected wound! That's a bit like someone getting food poisoning from eating a bad meat pie and when the next person shows up with food poisoning is told 'You've been eating meat pies!"
A White-tailed Spider bite is far less likely a cause of the infected wound that is troubling your dog than many other things. I'd follow what the vet has to say. Good luck with your dog - I hope she improves.
Sincerely
Martyn Robinson
Hello Lize,
If the White-tail you originally removed from your room was large it may well have been an adult female and the smaller ones could be males that have wandered in looking for her. They should work out that she's outside now and leave you alone. unfortunately there is no easy way to find them as they wander about looking for other spiders to eat (their only diet) - so if you are worried, as long as you shake out any clothing which has been lying on the floor, and tap out your shoes before putting them on, then you should be fairly safe from any bites - rare as they are.
Sincerely
Martyn Robinson
Hello Razputin, If you either bring us in a specimen of your spiders or, if this is inconvenient, please send in an image to us (j'peg file - not too large please) then we can let you know whether your spiders are White-tails or another species. Like IB Christie (above) we usually just remove ours from inside the house and place them outside. Ours have never caused any trouble and a study of many verified White-tailed Spider bites involving the museum failed to find any which produced necrotic wounds.

