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What are spiders?

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Wherever you live, you're always close to a spider. Find out what spiders are, where they came from and how they got around, as well as Australia's own diverse spider fauna

Spiders are arachnids not insects, but both spiders and insects belong to the largest group of animals on Earth, the arthropods (Ancient Greek: arthro = joint, podos = footed) - animals with hard external skeletons and jointed limbs .

What are the differences between spiders and insects?

Spiders have;

  • two main body parts,
  • eight walking legs,
  • simple eyes
  • piercing jaws (fangs),
  • abdominal silk spinning organs,
  • anterior abdominal genital opening.

Insects have three main body parts, six walking legs, compound eyes, antennae, chewing jaws (mandibles - often secondarily modified), posterior abdominal genital opening.

Relatively speaking - the Arachnida

Spiders and their relatives are called arachnids. Arachnids have the head and thorax combined (cephalothorax) with simple eyes, jaws adapted for tearing or piercing prey, a pair of pedipalps and eight walking legs.

Arachnids include spiders, scorpions, pseudoscorpions, amblypygids( tailless-whipscorpions), schizomids (micro-whipscorpiones), palpigrades, harvestmen, ticks and mites.

Spiders are the only arachnids that have special glands in their abdomen which produce silk

Midgets to monsters

A few spiders are so small and live such hidden lives that most of us never see them. Others are enormous.

Some of the smallest spiders in the world are anapid spiders, sometimes called armoured spiders because of the cuticular plates on their pinhead-sized bodies. Small spiders like anapids are usually found in damp, cool habitats like forest leaf litter and moss because their small bodies can lose water rapidly in dryer conditions. The largest spiders in the world include the South American Goliath Tarantula, some so big their legs can span a dinner plate. Such spiders may take decades to reach such a size. However, spider size is limited, partly because their respiratory physiology becomes less efficient at very large sizes.

Bodies bizarre

Many spiders have unusual body shapes and colours.

Bizarre bodies can be helpful to spiders in various ways - to deceive and ambush prey, to capture particular sorts of prey, to avoid being eaten and to attract mates.

 


Dr Mike Gray
Last Updated: 6 October 2009

5 comments

Louise Kampen STAFF

Louise Kampen
3.10 PM, 06 October 2009

Hi Jake, thanks for your very interesting question. Spiders legs (and the rest of its body) are made of a stiff material called the cuticle. The cuticle is made of proteins and it helps to protect the spider. The parts of the legs that the spider bends (the joints) are made of a softer type of cuticle. If you have a look in the section called 'A spider toolkit' there is some more information about spider body parts. If you have anymore questions just let me know.

Jake Williams

JakeBW04
9.10 PM, 03 October 2009

Hi, I am 5 and I would like to know what spiders legs are made of? Does anyone know? 'The bug man'

Serena Marinucci

beachball
10.06 AM, 24 June 2009

Spiders generate a diversity of feelings and emotions mostly they are feared once you have studied their incredible lives feared becomes respect. I live in East Ryde NSW I have an incredible diversity of spiders all around night time is a natural show.

Ondine Evans STAFF

Ondine Evans
10.06 AM, 23 June 2009

Glad you like it! You might like to sign up and gather your favourite pages into sets that you can refer to and/or share with friends/colleagues.

Amanda Venz

manny8384
5.06 PM, 20 June 2009

Great site for a Uni student needing teaching resources!!

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Diagram of Male Spider, view from above

Diagram of Male Spider, view from above View full size
© Australian Museum

Diagram of Female Spider, view from below

Diagram of Female Spider, view from below View full size
© Australian Museum

Insect Diagram

Insect Diagram View full size
© Australian Museum

Carrai Cave Spider, Progradungula carraiensis

Carrai Cave Spider, Progradungula carraiensis View full size
Mike Gray © Australian Museum

Armoured Spider - Anapid Spider

Armoured Spider - Anapid Spider View full size
© Australian Museum

Sydney Brown Trapdoor Spider, male

Sydney Brown Trapdoor Spider, male View full size
Mike Gray © Australian Museum

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